active ditectory:
beginning in microsoft windows 2000 server and continuing in
windows server 2003 , activ directory replasces the windows NT
collection of directory functions with functionality that
integrates with and relies upon standard including
domain name system(DNS) lightwqight directory access protocol(LDAP),
and kerberos security protocol
DNS:
a service on transimission contorol protocol/internet protocol (TCP/IP)
networks (including the internet) that tranlates domain names into ip
addresses.this allow user to employ friendly names like yahoo.com
or M.A_server when querying a remot system , instead of using ip address
such as 192.168.1.10