IP numbers.. hi friends.. how ip numbers are being created in computer networking. for example an organization?

Question

IP numbers.. hi friends.. how ip numbers are being created in computer networking. for example an organization?

Answer 1

The IP addresses are managed by an organization called IANA. The IP blocks (or prefixes) are allocated to large and medium ISPs by regional organizations like ARIN, RIPE, APNIC.... Those ISPs leases/rent small blocks of IPs to small ISPs and other organizations.

Some blocks of IPv4 address space are reserved for special use like private networks, multicast, testing or future development.



So basically a small organization rent an IP or an IP prefix and allocate IP addresses from the IP block (prefix) allocated by ISP.

Answer 2

On the internet, you have to buy IP addresses. They are assigned to you buy your internet service provider.



On your internal network (or say your network isn't connected to the internet), there are certain ranges of IP addresses that do not route across the internet and you are free to use without fear that they are already taken. These are:



10.*.*.*

172.16-31.*.*

192.168.*.*



These are the so-called "private IP addresses". Even if you are not connecting to the internet, I would stick with private IP addresses, just to be on the safe side.



You can manually configure IP addresses, or you can setup a server to assign addresses to computers (and printers, etc.) on your network (via DHCP or via BOOTP or via RARP, etc. - DHCP is the most common method today). Many networking devices, such as "routers" can be configured to act as DHCP servers.



With such a small number of computers, I'd stick with a class C address (i.e. a netmask of 255.255.255.0) and would use 192.168.1.*. Now some of these network devices that act as DHCP servers will assign themselves 192.168.1.1 and pass out IP addresses in some range (like 192.168.1.50-100). For this reaons, if you're manually configuring IP addresses, I'd skip 192.168.1.1. I'd start with 192.168.1.10 and go from there.

Answer 3

You can assign static IP addresses (addreses that will not change) or the server can automatically assign an address each time a client connects which will just count up from the base limit set. There is no calculation though, the only adjustment is to the last set of digits, the first 3 sets all match the server address which then makes all of the clients addresses subsets of the server.

Answer 4

Its all done automatically if you have DHCP enabled.

Answer 5

I took a cisco networking class. IP addresses are broken into octets. In the ip address 192.168.0.1 there are 4 octets, all seperates by periods.



If you only need 20 users it is extremely easy. You basically can pick any numbers you want for each of the first three octets, but not the last. For example, the default IP address for your computer's router is what i put above, 192.168.0.1. If you wanted to use this, the IP addresses would be.....



192.168.0.1

192.168.0.2

192.168.0.3



see a pattern here?



counting this way is the same way as counting in decimal.



1,2,3,4 etc all the way up to 9, then you add another digit. you get to 99, you add another.



ip addresses work the same. if your ip address is 0.0.0.0 the next one is



0.0.0.1

0.0.0.2

0.0.0.3 etc.



only thing is with IP addresses you can only go up to 255 per octet, so when you get to the end it goes...



0.0.0.254

0.0.0.255

0.0.1.0

0.0.1.1



notice how after you reach 255 the last octet resets to zero, just like in decimal, and you add 1 to the octet to the left. BANG! you just learned how IP addresses work.



a class A network means only the last octet changes, class B means the last two change, class C means the last three change.



basically answers your question sorry it's so long! if you need to know about subnet masking you can message me or something i'll be happy to explain.







_______________________________



Someone rated my question bad so here's your direct answer. For 20 hosts and 1 server you will need a range of 23 ip addresses. The first usable is the broadcast, the last usable is the network, 20 hosts, 1 server, 23 ip addresses total.



For this, you will need a class A, the smallest. If you look at the last octet in binary (ones and zeros) it starts like this.



00000000= 1 octet, or set of 8 bits (1s and 0s)



These 1s and 0s are seperated into network and host portion, network on the left and host on the right. The network portion of an IP address never changes. To figure out how many bits you will need for 23 hosts you will count from right to left in binary, starting with 2.



0000000|0 = 2 usable ip addresses

000000|00 = 4

00000|000 = 8

0000|0000 = 16, almost enough

000|00000 = 32, now you have enough, more than enough actually but you can't help that



All this means is that the first three octets in an ip address and be any numbers (1-255) and the last octet changes.



Now you turn the network portion of that octet on, which looks like this.



11100000 (remember, we're looking at the last octet of the ip address)



the bit values for these in binary are as follows



1

2 6 3 1

8 4 2 6 8 4 2 1

--------------------------------------

1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0



since the first three bits are turned on, or turned to 1, you add their values in binary.



128+

64

32

-------------

224



So lastly, your range of ip addresses would be



xxx.xxx.xxx.224 - xxx.xxx.xxx.-255



remember the xxx can be any number 1-255



and yes the network administrator does do a calculation, one that is very hard to translate over the internet! much easier on paper!!! sorry i wrote a whole IP addressing lesson on here lol it just let me keep going