deifference between ring topology and star topology and assembly language and high level language.?

Question

pls describe the difference between ring and star topology and the difference between assembly language and high level language as it is very urgent.

Answer 1

Ring Topology



1. Every device has exactly two neighbors for communication purposes. All messages travel through a ring in the same direction (either "clockwise" or "counterclockwise"). A failure in any cable or device breaks the loop and can take down the entire network.



Star Topology



1. A star network features a central connection point called a "hub" that may be a hub, switch or router. Devices typically connect to the hub with Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Ethernet.

2. A star network generally requires more cable, but a failure in any star network cable will only take down one computer's network access and not the entire LAN. (If the hub fails, however, the entire network also fails.)



Assembly Language

An assembly language is a low-level language for programming computers. It implements a symbolic representation of the numeric machine codes and other constants needed to program a particular CPU architecture. This representation is usually defined by the hardware manufacturer, and is based on abbreviations (called mnemonics) that help the programmer remember individual instructions, registers, etc. An assembly language is thus specific to a certain physical or virtual computer architecture (as opposed to most high-level languages, which are usually portable).



Other descriptions:

The computation in assembly laguage program is less than machine languge.

This program runs faster to produce the desired result as compared to high lavel language.

This programme contains more instruction than High level language.

The programme written on one computer can't be used on any other computer.



High level language

high-level programming language is a programming language with strong abstraction from the details of the computer. In comparison to low-level programming languages, it may use natural language elements, be easier to use, or more portable across platforms. Such languages hide the details of CPU operations such as memory access models and management of scope.



A high level language isolates the execution semantics of a computer architecture from the specification of the program, making the process of developing a program simpler and more understandable with respect to a low-level language. The amount of abstraction provided defines how 'high level' a programming language is.





Other descriptions:

The computation in high lavel language program is less than assembly language.

this program runs slower to produce the desired result as compared to Assembly language.

This programme Contains less instruction than Assembly Language.

The programme written on one computer can be used on other computer.

Answer 2

In star topology all the workstations or node are connected with a hub or switch. Whenever any computer/host wants to send data it just send it to the hub/switch which is the central point of network. If it is a hub, it just broadcast that data packet to every other computers/hosts/nodes in the network. Every computer analyze that data packet and match with it's own mac address. If it doesn't match then computer discards that packet. So only the computer posses that mac address keeps that data packet. If more than one computer send data packet at once then collision occurs. All those data packets will be destroyed. Then those workstations will wait for a random time and try to resend data packet again. If you use switch instead of hub there will be less collision. switch won't broadcast data packets. It analyzes mac address first then only transmits data to the destination computer. Other computers won't notice about that transmission.



In Ring topology there also be a center point in network. But instead of using hub or switch it uses MAU (Media access unit). There is a data packet called "Token" circulates in this network. Only the computer which has token can transmit data. No computer can hold this token for long time. It must have to pass this token to the next computer. The next computer match it's address with that packet and then retransmit that token to its next computer. And so on. Only the destination computer will extract data from that token, then it will clear that token, and then will pass that token to it's next computer. So it's logically works as a ring though computers are connected physically like as star.



Assembly language is a low level computer programming language. You've to directly address or use processor's registers here. In this language you've to directly work with processor's instruction set. It generates machine code as it's output.



High level progamming lanugages are the languages we usually use for regular programming like C, C++, pascal, etc. When you use these languages for programming, it's actually generates assembly language code. Then those codes will generate machine codes.

Answer 3

it's already explained good enough.