define token ring operation?

Question

define token ring operation?

Answer 1

(1) A type of computer network in which all the computers are arranged (schematically) in a circle. A token, which is a special bit pattern, travels around the circle. To send a message, a computer catches the token, attaches a message to it, and then lets it continue to travel around the network.

Also see token passing.



(2) When capitalized, Token Ring refers to the PC network architecture developed by IBM. The IBM Token-Ring specification has been standardized by the IEEE as the IEEE 802.5 standard.

Answer 2

Define Token Ring

Answer 3

Token Ring: A ring topology for a local area network (LAN) in which a supervisory frame, or token, must be received by an attached terminal or workstation before that terminal or work-station can start transmitting. The workstation with the token then transmits and uses the entire bandwidth of whatever communications media the token ring network is using. A token ring can be wired as a circle or a star, with the workstations wired to a central wiring center, or to multiple wiring centers. The most common wiring scheme is called a star-wired ring. Whatever the wiring, a token ring LAN always works logically as a circle, with the token passing around the circle from one workstation to another. The advantage of token ring LANs is that media faults (broken cable) can be fixed easily, since it’s easy to isolate the faults. Token rings are typically installed in centralized closets, with loops snaking to served workstations.



Made by/Developed by: IBM.

LAN: Local area Network

Answer 4

Whopping big one.... Ethernet comes in 5 common flavors. 10base-T, 10base-5, 10base-2, 100base-T, and 1000base-T. All but 10base-2 and 10-base-5 use common Ethernet cables you see everywhere. 5 and 2 types are no longer used. They were common in 80s and 90s, and used coax cables. Ethernet uses collision detection technology where all cards can transmit when they want to, and if the traffic collides, they wait predetermined time and try again. As such, it can be inefficient on a large network. Token Ring is a IBM proprietary technology and is no longer used. They used a special cable and the cards were quite expensive. They use a technology where it doesn't use the actually inefficient collision detection method that Ethernet uses. But it was phased out as it was proprietary and expensive. FIDDI is a fiberglass cable based network. It is used where connecting multiple buildings are part of the requirement. They are used as a backbone to connect multiple smaller networks together. This is probably the most costly network technology available today. Wireless is where wire is not used and uses radio wave to transmit the network data for short distance. This is a type of question I can actually write a book about. It would be impossible to fully explore each one in a small space provided here. For home use, the only ones that are viable are Ethernet and Wireless. All else were/are for business.

Answer 5

Stations on a Token-Ring LAN are logically organized in a ring topology with data being transmitted sequentially from one ring station to the next with a control token circulating around the ring controlling access. This token passing mechanism is shared by ARCNET, Token Bus, and FDDI, and has theoretical advantages over the stochastic CSMA/CD of Ethernet.



Token Ring networkPhysically, a Token-Ring network is wired as a star, with 'hubs' and arms out to each station and the loop going out-and-back through each. Cabling is generally IBM "Type-1" Shielded Twisted Pair, with unique hermaphroditic connectors.



Initially (in 1985) Token-Ring ran at 4 Mbit/s, but in 1989 IBM introduced the first 16 Mbit/s Token-Ring products and the 802.5 standard was extended to support this. In 1981, Apollo Computers introduced their proprietary 12 Mbit/s Apollo Token Ring (ATR) and Proteon introduced their 10 Mbit/s ProNet-10 Token Ring network. However, IBM Token-Ring was not compatible with ATR or ProNet-10.



More technically, Token-Ring is a local area network protocol which resides at the data link layer (DLL) of the OSI model. It uses a special three-byte frame called a token that travels around the ring. Token ring frames travel completely around the loop.



Each station passes or repeats the special token frame around the ring to its nearest downstream neighbour. This token-passing process is used to arbitrate access to the shared ring media. Stations that have data frames to transmit must first acquire the token before they can transmit them. Token ring LANs normally use differential Manchester encoding of bits on the LAN media.



Token ring was invented by Olof Söderblom in the late 1960s. It was later licensed to IBM, who popularized the use of token ring LANs in the mid 1980s when it released its IBM token ring architecture based on active multi-station access units (MSAUs or MAUs) and the IBM Structured Cabling System. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) later standardized a token ring LAN system as IEEE 802.5.[1]



Token ring LAN speeds of 4 Mbit/s, 16 Mbit/s, 100 Mbit/s and 1 Gbit/s have been standardized by the IEEE 802.5 working group.



Token ring networks had significantly superior performance and reliability compared to early shared-media implementations of Ethernet (IEEE 802.3), and were widely adopted as a higher-performance alternative to shared-media Ethernet.



However, with the development of switched Ethernet, token ring architectures lagged badly behind Ethernet in both performance and reliability. The higher sales of Ethernet allowed economies of scale which drove down prices further, and added a compelling price advantage to its other advantages over token ring.



Token ring networks have since declined in usage and the standards activity has since come to a standstill as switched Ethernet has dominated the LAN/layer 2 networking market.